Table 1 Death Rates of the Chinese Provinces, 1954-66
1955 |
1956 |
1957 |
1958 |
1959 |
1960 |
1961 |
1962 |
1963 |
1964 |
|
Anhui |
11.8 |
14.25 |
9.1 |
12.36 |
16.72 |
68.58 |
8.11 |
8.51 |
7.92 |
8.59 |
Fujian |
8.26 |
8.43 |
9.02 |
7.5 |
7.95 |
15.61 |
12.18 |
8.28 |
7.51 |
8.68 |
Gansu |
11.98 |
1078 |
11.33 |
21.11 |
17.38 |
41.32 |
11.48 |
8.25 |
10.38 |
15.55 |
Guangdong |
10.7 |
11.19 |
8.42 |
9.15 |
11.76 |
15.09 |
10.67 |
9.32 |
11.78 |
8.32 |
Guangxi |
14.8 |
12.48 |
12.42 |
11.98 |
17.33 |
29.2 |
20.37 |
10.15 |
10.34 |
10.55 |
Guizhou |
16.24 |
13.01 |
12.35 |
15.26 |
20.28 |
52.33 |
23.27 |
11.64 |
17.14 |
20.66 |
Hebei |
11.86 |
11.26 |
11.59 |
10.92 |
12.31 |
12.19 |
13.34 |
8.97 |
10.66 |
10.48 |
Heilongjiang |
11.33 |
10.08 |
10.45 |
9.17 |
12.76 |
10.52 |
11.12 |
8.62 |
8.56 |
11.47 |
Henan |
11.75 |
14 |
11.8 |
12.69 |
14.1 |
39.65 |
10.2 |
8.04 |
9.39 |
10.65 |
Hubei |
11.6 |
10.81 |
9.61 |
9.6 |
14.49 |
21.22 |
9.08 |
8.77 |
9.83 |
10.94 |
Hunan |
16.41 |
11.5 |
10.35 |
11.58 |
12.92 |
29.26 |
17.48 |
1023 |
10.26 |
12.88 |
Inner Mongolia |
11.40 |
7.90 |
10.50 |
7.90 |
11.00 |
9.40 |
8.80 |
9.00 |
8.50 |
11.80 |
Jiangsu |
11.65 |
12.81 |
10.04 |
9.33 |
14.55 |
18.41 |
13.35 |
10.36 |
9.04 |
10.13 |
Jiangxi |
16.23 |
12.49 |
11.47 |
11.33 |
13.01 |
16.06 |
11.54 |
11 |
9.76 |
10.87 |
Jilin |
9.91 |
7.53 |
9.05 |
9.12 |
13.43 |
10.13 |
11.12 |
9.96 |
9.44 |
12.62 |
Liaoning |
9.40 |
6.60 |
9.40 |
8.80 |
11.80 |
11.50 |
17.50 |
8.50 |
7.90 |
9.3 |
Ningxia |
n.a |
n.a |
n.a |
14.1 |
15.81 |
13.88 |
10.71 |
8.49 |
10.22 |
13.44 |
Qinghai |
13.76 |
9.34 |
10.4 |
12.64 |
16.29 |
40.73 |
11.68 |
5.35 |
8.37 |
15.53 |
Shaanxi |
10.55 |
9.85 |
10.31 |
11.04 |
12.76 |
12.27 |
8.76 |
9.35 |
10.55 |
15.6 |
Shandong |
13.73 |
12.16 |
12.05 |
12.77 |
18.14 |
23.51 |
18.49 |
12.35 |
11.78 |
12.06 |
Shanxi |
12.93 |
11.6 |
12.68 |
11.73 |
12.84 |
14.21 |
12.2 |
11.34 |
11.44 |
13.98 |
Sichuan |
13.26 |
11.79 |
11.82 |
17.37 |
19.22 |
47.78 |
28.01 |
14.61 |
12.82 |
13.87 |
Yunnan |
13.76 |
15.21 |
16.29 |
21.62 |
17.96 |
26.26 |
11.84 |
10.86 |
14.14 |
15.23 |
Zhejiang |
12.58 |
9.46 |
9.32 |
9.15 |
10.81 |
11.88 |
9.84 |
8.61 |
7.89 |
9.21 |
Source: State Statistical Bureau, Renkou Tongji Ziliao Huibian, 1949-1985 (A Compendium of Materials on Population and Census Statistics). Beijing: Zhongguo Caizheng Jingji Chubanshe, 1988.
Per Capita Grain Output (in kg.) |
Percentage of Rural Population (%) |
Ratio of Procurement (%) |
||||
Year |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
1954 |
291.05 |
95.16 |
79.16 |
21.76 |
30.02 |
9.29 |
1955 |
303.89 |
89.75 |
79.04 |
21.66 |
25.87 |
8.67 |
1956 |
306.81 |
94.07 |
78.69 |
20.96 |
20.87 |
7.52 |
1957 |
277.40 |
64.32 |
77.64 |
21.31 |
23.57 |
9.27 |
1958 |
293.20 |
94.26 |
76.62 |
17.92 |
25.92 |
11.48 |
1959 |
251.05 |
89.72 |
74.78 |
15.89 |
37.71 |
11.88 |
1960 |
208.74 |
61.83 |
74.04 |
16.08 |
32.43 |
12.64 |
1961 |
203.47 |
57.61 |
76.34 |
16.26 |
24.78 |
10.69 |
1962 |
219.76 |
59.10 |
78.76 |
15.99 |
20.26 |
8.27 |
1963 |
239.46 |
68.20 |
78.82 |
15.86 |
21.76 |
6.85 |
1964 |
258.77 |
65.30 |
79.11 |
15.68 |
21.41 |
7.71 |
1965 |
280.30 |
59.92 |
78.88 |
15.58 |
20.16 |
5.27 |
1966 |
281.92 |
73.99 |
78.81 |
15.55 |
19.35 |
5.68 |
Source: State Statistical Bureau, Quanguo Gesheng Zizhiqu Zhixiashi Lishi Tongji Ziliao Huibian, 1949-1989 (A Compilation of Historical Statistical Data of Provinces, Autonomous Regions, and Municipalities, Beijing: China Statistical Press, 1990.
Note: The figures are unweighted, arithmetic means of provincial percentage of rural population and per capita grain output. As a result, they differ from the national average.
(1) Mess Hall Participation Rate at end of 1959 (%) |
(2)
Party Membership Density (%) |
(3)
Time of Liberation |
|
Anhui |
90.5 |
0.83 |
01/1949 |
Fujian |
67.2 |
1.06 |
08/1949 |
Gansu |
47.7 |
1.54 |
08/1949 |
Guangdong |
77.6 |
0.93 |
11/1949 |
Guangxi |
91.0 |
0.85 |
11/1949 |
Guizhou |
92.6 |
0.86 |
11/1949 |
Hebei |
74.4 |
3.14 |
11/1947 |
Heilongjiang |
26.5 |
1.38 |
10/1948 |
Henan |
97.8 |
1.08 |
06/1948 |
Hubei |
68.2 |
0.77 |
05/1949 |
Hunan |
97.6 |
0.80 |
08/1949 |
Inner Mongolia |
16.7 |
1.78 |
09/1949 |
Jiangsu |
56.0 |
1.37 |
04/1949 |
Jiangxi |
61.0 |
1.39 |
05/1949 |
Jilin |
29.4 |
1.62 |
10/1948 |
Liaoning |
23.0 |
1.75 |
11/1948 |
Ningxia |
52.9 |
n.a |
09/1949 |
Qinghai |
29.9 |
1.04 |
09/1949 |
Shaanxi |
60.8 |
1.15 |
05/1949 |
Shandong |
35.5 |
2.14 |
09/1948 |
Shanxi |
70.6 |
2.92 |
10/1948 |
Sichuan |
96.7 |
0.71 |
11/1949 |
Yunnan |
96.5 |
0.98 |
12/1949 |
Zhejiang |
81.6 |
0.78 |
05/1949 |
Source:
1. A compendium of Important Articles on Agricultural Collectivization, 1949-1957. The Chinese Communist Party Scholl Press.
2. Li Xin, Chen Tiejian (1997), The Final Showdown: A History of the New China Democratic Revolution, 1947-1949 (Zuihou de Juezhan: Zhongguo Xin Minzhu Zhuyi Geming Shi Chanbian, 1947-1949). Shanghai Chubanshe.
3. Yang Dali (1996), Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change since the Great Leap Famine. Stanford University Press, p60.
4. Zhang Xiongru (1993), A Compendium of Important Events in Twentieth-Century China (Ershi Shiji Zhongguo Dashi Quanshu). Beijing Chubanshe.